How is high pH wastewater neutralized?

To neutralize high pH wastewater, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is often used. High pH indicates that the wastewater is more alkaline, and adding an acid will help lower the pH back to a more neutral level. Sulfuric acid is a strong acid that can effectively react with the basic components in the wastewater, forming sulfate ions and water in the process, thus neutralizing the high pH.

The choice of sulfuric acid is particularly effective due to its availability and the speed at which it reacts. It’s commonly utilized in industrial settings where large volumes of alkaline wastewater are generated.

While other acids like hydrochloric acid can also lower pH, sulfuric acid is generally preferred in many applications because it has a higher buffering capacity, meaning it can effectively stabilize pH levels over a wider range of conditions.

Using sodium hydroxide would actually increase the pH of wastewater rather than neutralize it, and calcium carbonate would raise the pH if added to high pH wastewater. Therefore, while all options involve acid-base chemistry, only the addition of sulfuric acid directly accomplishes the goal of neutralizing high pH conditions effectively.