What should penalties for noncompliance be calculated on?

The penalties for noncompliance should be calculated on a logical basis because this approach allows for a fair and consistent framework that considers various factors relevant to the violation. A logical basis incorporates elements such as the nature of the violation, the degree of negligence, the harm caused to the environment or public health, and the economic benefit gained from noncompliance. This ensures that penalties are not arbitrary and reflect the seriousness of the issue.

Using a logical basis also fosters transparency and accountability in the enforcement process. It allows regulators to justify penalties in a way that can be clearly understood by all stakeholders, including the entities being penalized and the public. By grounding penalties in a reasoned rationale, it aligns with principles of justice and promotes compliance with environmental regulations.

The other options, while they may contain relevant elements, do not provide a comprehensive or systematic approach. Historical data might not account for the current context or changes in regulatory standards. Public sentiment can be highly variable and subjective, leading to unequal enforcement. Focusing solely on the severity of past incidents may overlook the unique circumstances of the present case, which could be quite different. Thus, a logical basis is the most effective methodology for calculating penalties for noncompliance.