What water quality indicators should be measured in the field?

Measuring water quality indicators in the field is essential for assessing the immediate environmental conditions and health of aquatic ecosystems. The correct group of indicators includes pH, sulfide, and temperature because they provide a quick snapshot of the water's chemical composition and biological activity.

pH is a fundamental parameter that indicates the acidity or alkalinity of water, which can significantly affect aquatic life. Many organisms have specific pH ranges they thrive in, and deviations can disrupt their normal functions.

Sulfide levels are important as they can indicate anaerobic conditions in the water, often linked to the breakdown of organic matter. High sulfide concentrations can be toxic to many aquatic organisms, making it an essential measurement in understanding potential habitat threats.

Temperature affects the solubility of gases and the metabolic rates of aquatic organisms. Monitoring temperature is crucial because it helps predict how organisms will respond to changes in their environment, particularly in response to climate change or pollution.

The other choices, although they contain relevant water quality indicators, are generally more suited for laboratory analysis or longer-term monitoring rather than immediate field measurements. For example, nitrogen and phosphorus are significant for assessing nutrient loading and eutrophication impacts, but their analysis often requires more elaborate laboratory techniques. Conductivity, turbidity,